RAINBOW HOVER

This code makes all you links rainbow whenever you hover of it (:

Text colour will remain the same but the background will be rainbow :)

<style>A:link, active, visited {text-decoration:none; color:#000;  cursor: crosshair;}
A:hover { text-decoration: none; color:#000;  cursor: crosshair; background-image: url("http://i51.tinypic.com/33e0brs.gif");}
A:visited { text-decoration:none; color:#000;  cursor: crosshair;}

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Accessible Forms

Forms aren't the easiest of things to use for people with disabilities. Navigating around a page with written content is one thing, hopping between form fields and inputting information is another. Because of this, it is a good idea to add a number of elements to the form.

Labels

Each form field should have its own label. The label tag sorts this out, with a for attribute that associates it to a form element:

<form>
<label for="yourName">Your Name</label> <input type="text" name="yourName" id="yourName" />
...

Labels have the added bonus of visual browsers rendering the labels themselves clickable, putting the focus on the associated form field.

Note: name and id are both required - the name for the form to handle that field and the id for the label to associate it to.

Field sets and legends

You can group fields, for example name (first, last, middle, title etc.) or address (line 1, line 2, county, country, postal code, country etc.) using the fieldset tag.

Within the field set, you can set a legend with the legend tag.

Note: Visual browsers tend to represent field sets with a border surrounding them and legends breaking the left of the top border.

<form action="somescript.php" >
<fieldset>
<legend>Name</legend>
 <p>First name <input type="text" name="firstName" /></p>
 <p>Last name <input type="text" name="lastName" /></p>
</fieldset>
<fieldset>
 <legend>Address</legend>
 <p>Address <textarea name="address" ></textarea></p>
 <p>Postal code <input type="text" name="postcode" /></p>
</fieldset>
...

Option groups

The optgroup tag groups options in a select box. It requires a label attribute, the value of which is displayed as a non-selectable pseudo-heading preceding that group in the drop-down list of visual browsers.

<select name="country">
 <optgroup label="Africa">
  <option value="gam">Gambia</option>
  <option value="mad">Madagascar</option>
  <option value="nam">Namibia</option>
 </optgroup>
 <optgroup label="Europe">
  <option value="fra">France</option>
  <option value="rus">Russia</option>
  <option value="uk">UK</option>
 </optgroup>
 <optgroup label="North America">
  <option value="can">Canada</option>
  <option value="mex">Mexico</option>
  <option value="usa">USA</option>
 </optgroup>
</select>

Navigating fields

Like links, form fields (and field sets) need to be navigated to without the use of a pointing device, such as a mouse. The same methods used in links to make this task easier can be used on form elements - tab stops and access keys.

The accesskey and tabindex attribute can be added to the individual form tags such as input and also to legend tags.

input type="text" name="firstName" accesskey="f" tabindex="1" />
<

More about tables

The title "More about tables" may sound a bit boring. But look at the positive side, when you master tables, there is absolutely nothing about HTML that will knock you out.

What is left then?

The two attributes colspan and rowspan are used when you want to create fancy tables.

Colspan is short for "column span". Colspan is used in the <td> tag to specify how many columns the cell should span:

Example 1:

 
 <table border="1">
   <tr>
  <td colspan="3">Cell 1</td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
  <td>Cell 2</td>
  <td>Cell 3</td>
  <td>Cell 4</td>
   </tr>
 </table>
 
 

Will look like this in the browser:

Cell 1
Cell 2	Cell 3	Cell 4

By setting colspan to "3", the cell in the first row spans three columns. If we instead had set colspan to "2", the cell would only have spanned two columns and it would have been necessary to insert an additional cell in the first row so that the number of columns will fit in the two rows.

Example 2:

 
 <table border="1">
   <tr>
  <td colspan="2">Cell 1</td>
  <td>Cell 2</td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
  <td>Cell 3</td>
  <td>Cell 4</td>
  <td>Cell 5</td>
   </tr>
 </table>
 
 

Will look like this in the browser:

Cell 1		Cell 2
Cell 3	Cell 4	Cell 5

What about rowspan?

As you might already have guessed, rowspan specifies how many rows a cell should span over:

Example 3:

 
 <table border="1">
   <tr>
  <td rowspan="3">Cell 1</td>
  <td>Cell 2</td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
  <td>Cell 3</td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
  <td>Cell 4</td>
   </tr>
 </table>
 
 

Will look like this in the browser:

Cell 1	Cell 2
	Cell 3
	Cell 4

In the example above rowspan is set to "3" in Cell 1. This specifies that the cell must span over 3 rows (its own row plus an additional two). Cell 1 and Cell 2 are thereby in the same row, while Cell 3 and Cell 4 form two independent rows.

Confused? Well, it is not uncomplicated and it is easy to lose track. Therefore, it might be a good idea to draw the table on a piece of paper before you begin with the HTML.

Not confused? Then go ahead and create a couple of tables with both colspan and rowspan on your own.

The final tips

Congratulations, you have now reached the final lesson.

So now I know everything?

You have learned a lot and you are now capable of making your own websites! However, what you have learned are the basics and there is still a lot more to be mastered. But you now have a good foundation from which to build on.

In this last lesson, you will get some final tips:

• First, it is a good idea to maintain order and structure in your HTML documents. By posting well arranged documents you will not only show others your mastery of HTML but will also make it considerably easier for yourself to keep an overview.
• 
  
• Stick to the standards and validate your pages. This cannot be stressed enough: Always write clean XHTML, use a DTD and validate your pages on validator.w3c.org.
• 
  
• Give your page contents. Remember that HTML is a tool, which enables you to present information on the Internet, so make sure that there is information to present. Pretty pages may look nice but most people use the Internet to find information.
• 
  
• Avoid overloading your pages with heavy images and other fancy stuff you have found on the Internet. It slows down the loading of the page and could be confusing for visitors. Pages that take more than 20 seconds to load can lose up to 50% of their visitors.
• 
  
• Remember to add your website to search engines/directories so people other than your closest family can find and enjoy it. On the front page of all search engines, you will find a link to add new pages (The most important is Google, but there are also others like DMOZ, Yahoo, AltaVista,AlltheWeb and Lycos).
• 
  
• In this tutorial, you have learned to use Notepad, which is a simple and very easy to use editor, but perhaps you will find it helpful to use a more advanced editor which gives a better overview and more possibilities. You can find a summary and reviews of different editors on Download.com.

How do I learn more?

First of all, it is important that you continue to work and experiment with the things you have learned in this tutorial. Study other people's websites and if you find something you like see how it was made with "View Source" (Click "View" in the menu in your browser and choose "Source").

Search the Internet for examples and articles on HTML. There are lots of websites with great contents on HTML.

Read and ask questions in the Forums. This is where you meet the real experts from whom you can learn a lot.

Last, but not least, you should - whenever you feel ready - continue learning CSS in our CSS Tutorial.

The only thing left is to wish you hours of fun with your new friend, HTML.

See you on the Internet :-)