Die casting is a manufacturing process that can produce geometrically
complex metal parts through the use of reusable molds,
called dies. The
die casting process involves the use of a furnace, metal, die casting
machine, and die. The metal, typically a non-ferrous
alloy such as aluminum or zinc, is melted in the furnace and then
injected into the dies in the die casting machine.
There are two main types of die casting machines -
hot chamber machines (used for alloys with low
melting temperatures, such as zinc) and cold chamber
machines (used for alloys with high melting
temperatures, such as aluminum). The differences
between these machines will be detailed in the
sections on equipment and tooling. However, in both
machines, after the molten metal is injected into
the dies, it rapidly cools and solidifies into
the final part, called the casting. The steps in this
process are described in greater detail in the next section.
The castings that are created in this process can vary greatly in
size and weight, ranging from a couple ounces to 100 pounds. One
common application of die cast parts are housings - thin-walled
enclosures, often requiring many ribs
and bosses
on the interior. Metal housings for a variety of
appliances and equipment are often die cast. Several automobile components are also
manufactured using die casting, including pistons, cylinder heads, and engine
blocks. Other common die cast parts include propellers,
gears, bushings, pumps, and valves.
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