MECHANICAL,CSS,HTML

Friday, 6 December 2013

CSS : EXTERNAL STYLE SHEET

External Style Sheet

An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many pages. With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire Web site by changing one file. Each page must link to the style sheet using the <link> tag. The <link> tag goes inside the head section:

An external style sheet can be written in any text editor. The file should not contain any html tags. Your style sheet should be saved with a .css extension. An example of a style sheet file is shown below:

hr {color:sienna;}
p {margin-left:20px;}
body {background-image:url("images/back40.gif");}

* Do not add a space between the property value and the unit (such as margin-left:20 px). The correct way is: margin-left:20px

CSS : INTERNAL STYLE SHEET

Internal Style Sheet

An internal style sheet should be used when a single document has a unique style. You define internal styles in the head section of an HTML page, by using the <style> tag, like this:

<head>
<style type="text/css">
hr {color:sienna;}
p {margin-left:20px;}
body {background-image:url("images/back40.gif");}
</style>
</head>

CSS : INLINE STYLES

Inline Styles

An inline style loses many of the advantages of style sheets by mixing content with presentation. Use this method sparingly!

To use inline styles you use the style attribute in the relevant tag. The style attribute can contain any CSS property. The example shows how to change the color and the left margin of a paragraph:

<p style="color:sienna;margin-left:20px">This is a paragraph.</p>

CSS : MULTIPLE STYLE SHEETS

Multiple Style Sheets

If some properties have been set for the same selector in different style sheets, the values will be inherited from the more specific style sheet.

For example, an external style sheet has these properties for the h3 selector:

h3
{
color:red;
text-align:left;
font-size:8pt;
}

And an internal style sheet has these properties for the h3 selector:

h3
{
text-align:right;
font-size:20pt;
}

If the page with the internal style sheet also links to the external style sheet the properties for h3 will be:

color:red;
text-align:right;
font-size:20pt;

The color is inherited from the external style sheet and the text-alignment and the font-size is replaced by the internal style sheet.

Multiple Styles Will Cascade into One

Styles can be specified:

inside an HTML element
inside the head section of an HTML page
in an external CSS file

Tip: Even multiple external style sheets can be referenced inside a single HTML document.

Other Topics

CSS : Background-shortand property,CSS : Background image,CSS : Background color,CSS : Cascading order,CSS : Multiple style sheets,CSS : Inline styles,CSS : Internal style sheet,CSS : External style sheet,CSS : Class selector,CSS : Sticky Footer Layout,CSS : Collapse borders,CSS : List,CSS : Background color,CSS : Styling links,CSS : Padding properties,CSS : Padding-shorthand property,CSS : The lang pseudo class,CSS : MEDIA,CSS::STYLING FORMS, mechanical Engineering, English books,Photoshop tutorials,Harry potter,Best 100 english books,Mechanical-old-question-paper,CSS : Id Selector

CSS : CASCADING ORDER

Cascading order

What style will be used when there is more than one style sp

ecified for an HTML element?

Generally speaking we can say that all the styles will "cascade" into a new "virtual" style sheet by the following rules, where number four has the highest priority:

1. Browser default

2. External style sheet

3. Internal style sheet (in the head section)

4. Inline style (inside an HTML element)

So, an inline style (inside an HTML element) has the highest priority, which means that it will override a style defined inside the <head> tag, or in an external style sheet, or in a browser (a default value).

* Note: If the link to the external style sheet is placed after the internal style sheet in HTML <head>, the external style sheet will override the internal style sheet!

CSS background properties are used to define the background effects of an element.

CSS properties used for background effects:

background-color
background-image
background-repeat
background-attachment
background-position

Other Topics

CSS : BACKGROUND COLOR

Background Color

The background-color property specifies the background color of an element.

The background color of a page is defined in the body selector:

Example

body {background-color:#b0c4de;}

With CSS, a color is most often specified by:

a HEX value - like "#ff0000"
an RGB value - like "rgb(255,0,0)"
a color name - like "red"

In the example below, the h1, p, and div elements have different background colors:

Example

h1 {background-color:#6495ed;}
p {background-color:#e0ffff;}
div {background-color:#b0c4de;}

Other Topics

CSS : BACKGROUND IMAGE

Background Image

The background-image property specifies an image to use as the background of an element.

By default, the image is repeated so it covers the entire element.

The background image for a page can be set like this:

Example

body {background-image:url('paper.gif');}

Below is an example of a bad combination of text and background image. The text is almost not readable:

Example

body {background-image:url('bgdesert.jpg');}

Background Image - Repeat Horizontally or Vertically

By default, the background-image property repeats an image both horizontally and vertically.

Some images should be repeated only horizontally or vertically, or they will look strange, like this:

Example

body
{
background-image:url('gradient2.png');
}

If the image is repeated only horizontally (repeat-x), the background will look better:

Example

body
{
background-image:url('gradient2.png');
background-repeat:repeat-x;
}

Background Image - Set position and no-repeat

* When using a background image, use an image that does not disturb the text.

Showing the image only once is specified by the background-repeat property:

Example

body
{
background-image:url('img_tree.png');
background-repeat:no-repeat;
}

Example

body
{
background-image:url('img_tree.png');
background-repeat:no-repeat;
background-position:right top;

Other Topics

CSS : BACKGROUND-SHORTAND PROPERTY

Background - Shorthand property

As you can see from the examples above, there are many properties to consider when dealing with backgrounds.

To shorten the code, it is also possible to specify all the properties in one single property. This is called a shorthand property.

The shorthand property for background is simply "background":

Example

body {background:#ffffff url('img_tree.png') no-repeat right top;}

When using the shorthand property the order of the property values is:

background-color
background-image
background-repeat
background-attachment
background-position

It does not matter if one of the property values is missing, as long as the ones that are present are in this order.

Other Topics

Thursday, 5 December 2013

CSS : ID SELECTOR

The id Selector

The id selector is used to specify a style for a single, unique element.

The id selector uses the id attribute of the HTML element, and is defined with a "#".

The style rule below will be applied to the element with id="para1":

Example

#para1
{
text-align:center;
color:red;
}

CSS : PSEUDO CLASSES

Syntax

The syntax of pseudo-classes:

selector:pseudo-class {property:value;}

CSS classes can also be used with pseudo-classes:

selector.class:pseudo-class {property:value;}

Anchor Pseudo-classes

Links can be displayed in different ways in a CSS-supporting browser:

Example

a:link {color:#FF0000;} /* unvisited link */
a:visited {color:#00FF00;} /* visited link */
a:hover {color:#FF00FF;} /* mouse over link */
a:active {color:#0000FF;} /* selected link */

Note: a:hover MUST come after a:link and a:visited in the CSS definition in order to be effective!!

Note: a:active MUST come after a:hover in the CSS definition in order to be effective!!

Note: Pseudo-class names are not case-sensitive.

Pseudo-classes and CSS Classes

Pseudo-classes can be combined with CSS classes:

a.red:visited {color:#FF0000;}

<a class="red" href="css_syntax.asp">CSS Syntax</a>

If the link in the example above has been visited, it will be displayed in red.

CSS - The :first-child Pseudo-class

The :first-child pseudo-class matches a specified element that is the first child of another element.

Note: For :first-child to work in IE8 and earlier, a <!DOCTYPE> must be declared.

Match the first <p> element

In the following example, the selector matches any <p> element that is the first child of any element:

Example

<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
p:first-child
{
color:blue;
}
</style>
</head>

<body>
<p>I am a strong man.</p>
<p>I am a strong man.</p>
</body>
</html>

Match the first <i> element in all <p> elements

In the following example, the selector matches the first <i> element in all <p> elements:

Example

<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
p > i:first-child
{
color:blue;
}
</style>
</head>

<body>
<p>I am a <i>strong</i> man. I am a <i>strong</i> man.</p>
<p>I am a <i>strong</i> man. I am a <i>strong</i> man.</p>
</body>
</html>

Match all <i> elements in all first child <p> elements

In the following example, the selector matches all <i> elements in <p> elements that are the first child of another element:

Example

<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
p:first-child i
{
color:blue;
}
</style>
</head>

<body>
<p>I am a <i>strong</i> man. I am a <i>strong</i> man.</p>
<p>I am a <i>strong</i> man. I am a <i>strong</i> man.</p>
</body>
</html>

Other Topics

CSS :Before pseudo element,CSS :After pseudo element,CSS : Multiple pseudo elements,CSS : pseudo-elements and CSS classes,CSS : First-letter pseudo-element,CSS : First-element pseudo-element,CSS : Syntax for Pseudo elements,CSS : First-line pseudo-element,CSS : All Css pseudo classes/elements,CSS : The lang pseudo class CSS : MEDIA,CSS::STYLING FORMS, mechanical Engineering, English books,Photoshop tutorials,Harry potter,Best 100 english books,Mechanical-old-question-paper,STYLE HTML ELEMENTS WITH SPECIFIC ATTRIBUTES,CSS : HORIZONTAL NAVIGATION BAR,CSS : FLOATING LIST ITEMS,CSS : IMAGE GALLERY,CSS : NAVIGATION BARS,CSS : VERTICAL NAVIGATION BAR,CSS : LIST OF CSS PSEUDO CLASSES

MECHANICAL,CSS,HTML

Friday, 6 December 2013

CSS : EXTERNAL STYLE SHEET

CSS : INTERNAL STYLE SHEET

CSS : INLINE STYLES

CSS : MULTIPLE STYLE SHEETS

Multiple Styles Will Cascade into One

CSS : CASCADING ORDER

CSS : BACKGROUND COLOR

CSS : BACKGROUND IMAGE

CSS : BACKGROUND-SHORTAND PROPERTY

Thursday, 5 December 2013

CSS : ID SELECTOR

CSS : PSEUDO CLASSES

Syntax

Anchor Pseudo-classes

Example

Pseudo-classes and CSS Classes

CSS - The :first-child Pseudo-class

Match the first <p> element

Example

Match the first <i> element in all <p> elements

Example

Match all <i> elements in all first child <p> elements

Example

Physics basic inventions and inventors

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