Simple Cycle Power Plants (Open Cycle)

Simple Cycle Power Plants (Open Cycle)

The modern power gas turbine is a high-technology package that is comprised of a compressor, combustor, power turbine, and generator, as shown in the figure "Simple-Cycle Gas Turbine".

In a gas turbine, large volumes of air are compressed to high pressure in a multistage compressor for distribution to one or more combustion gases from the combustion chambers power an axial turbine that drives the compressor and the generator before exhausting to atmosphere. In this way, the combustion gases in a gas turbine power the turbine directly, rather than requiring heat transfer to a water/steam cycle to power a steam turbine, as in the steam plant. The latest gas turbine designs use turbine inlet temperatures of 1,500C (2,730F) and compression ratios as high as 30:1 (for aeroderivatives) giving thermal efficiencies of 35 percent or more for a simple-cycle gas turbine.

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Evaporative Condensers

Evaporative Condensers

The vapor to be condensed is circulated through a condensing coil, which is continually wetted on the outside by a recirculating water system. Air is pulled over the coil, causing a small portion of the recirculating water to evaporate. The evaporation removes heat from the vapor in the coil, causing it to condense.

The evaporative condenser has a cabinet with a water-sprayed condenser, and it usually has one or more fans. The excess heat is removed by evaporating water. In an evaporative condenser the primary coolant of the cooling system is cooled, which is the opposite of a cooling tower. Evaporator condensers are more expensive than dry coolers and are primarily used in large cooling systems or systems where the outdoor temperature is high. In many locations around the world, regulations limit the physical size of a cooling system and this in turn limits the use of evaporative condensers.

Spraying a condenser with water exploits the fact that the dew point temperature is lower than the air temperature and that a wet surface transfers heat more efficiently.

 

1 Hot primary coolant

2 Cold primary coolant

3 Cold water

4 Water sprinklers

5 Centrifugal fan

Key benefits of Evaporative Condensers

• Low system operating costs: lower condensing temperatures for a more compact compressor using less power
• Low refrigerant charge, costs and environmental impact minimised
  
• Space-saving: up to 50% area savings compared to comparable air-cooled installations
  
  
  
  
  
  
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Water-Cooled Condensers

Three main types of water-cooled condensers are pipe in a Pipe", " shell and Coil and plate. Each type performs the same task, approximately in the same conditions using different designs for ships, which contain water and refrigerant in the condenser. Consider every type, from the smallest to the largest capacity.



Pipe-in-pipe", sometimes called the double pipe or coaxial capacitor. Its name reflects its design. One tube is placed in a big pipe, and the ends of large tubes are sealed. Water circulates through one of the tubes, while the refrigerant passes through the other. In this figure, the refrigerant passes through the space between the inner and outer tube. This is the normal arrangement.





These capacitors are flexible in their location and because they are long, as a rule, they are in different forms to fit the space limitations of the application. Product shown here, a boxed product, designed for installation indoors. The compact nature of pipe-in-Pipe " capacitor makes it ideal for this product.

Tube-in-tube condensers most often are used for air conditioning products up to 5 tons of cooling capacity. They are also used, however, the commercial products through approximately 20 tons, as this vertical air conditioning (VAC). This design is ideal for adding air conditioning to old buildings being renovated...

Types of Condenser

1.Air Cooled
2.Water Cooled
3.Evaporative

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Convective superheaters

Convective superheaters are most commonly found on locomotives. Much like a convection oven, this type of superheater utilizes the hot gases from the burner to reheat the steam. A convection superheater can be extremely efficient, because most of the thermal energy is given only to the boiler tubing, and what would normally be exhaust instead heats the superheater tubes. These are also found in power plants, but they were mostly implemented in steam locomotives.










 

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Superheater

A superheater is a device found in steam boilers that is used to convert wet, saturated steam into dry steam. Superheaters are a very beneficial part of the steam cycle, because dry steam contains more thermal energy and increases the overall efficiency of the cycle. Not only that, dry steam also is less likely to condense within the cylinders of a reciprocating engine or the casing of a steam turbine. Boiler superheaters can be found in three varieties:

1.Radiant superheaters
2.Convection superheaters
3.Seperately fired superheaters.

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