CHARACTERIZATION BY AIR FLOW
The cooling towers by the relative flow are divided in several groups :
COUNTERFLOW:
IN the counterflow towers, the air moves vertically upward through the fill, counter to the downward fall of water. Because of the need for extended intake and discharge plenums; the use of high pressure spray systems; and the typically higher air pressure losses, some of the smaller counter flow towers are physically higher; require more pump head; and utilize more fan power than their cross flow counterparts. In a larger counter flow towers, however, the us of low pressure grativity-related distribution systems, plus the availability of generous intake areas and plenum spaces for the air management, is tending to equalize, or even reverse, this situation. The enclosed nature of a counterflow tower also restricts exposure of the water to direct sunlight, thereby retarding the growth of the algae.
CROSSFLOW:
The crossflow towers have a fill configuration throught, which the air flows horizontally, across the downward fall of water. Water to be cooled is delivered to hot water inlet basins located atop the fill areas, and is distributed to the fill by gravity throught metering orifices in the floor of those basins.
The crossflow towers can be divided in:
SINGLE-FLOW:
This kind of towers only has one air inlet and one fill bank, the remaining three sides of the towers being cased. Single-flow towers are customarily used in locations where are unrestricted air path to the tower is available from only one direction.
The cooling towers by the relative flow are divided in several groups :
COUNTERFLOW:
IN the counterflow towers, the air moves vertically upward through the fill, counter to the downward fall of water. Because of the need for extended intake and discharge plenums; the use of high pressure spray systems; and the typically higher air pressure losses, some of the smaller counter flow towers are physically higher; require more pump head; and utilize more fan power than their cross flow counterparts. In a larger counter flow towers, however, the us of low pressure grativity-related distribution systems, plus the availability of generous intake areas and plenum spaces for the air management, is tending to equalize, or even reverse, this situation. The enclosed nature of a counterflow tower also restricts exposure of the water to direct sunlight, thereby retarding the growth of the algae.
The crossflow towers have a fill configuration throught, which the air flows horizontally, across the downward fall of water. Water to be cooled is delivered to hot water inlet basins located atop the fill areas, and is distributed to the fill by gravity throught metering orifices in the floor of those basins.
DOUBLE-FLOW:
In this kind of towers the fan is inducting air through two inlets and across two banks of fill. This kind of towers only has one air inlet and one fill bank, the remaining three sides of the towers being cased. Single-flow towers are customarily used in locations where are unrestricted air path to the tower is available from only one direction.
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